What material is commonly used for the target/anode in an X-ray tube?

Tungsten is commonly used for the target or anode in an X-ray tube due to its excellent properties that are essential for efficient X-ray production. One of the primary reasons for choosing tungsten is its high melting point, which is around 3,400 degrees Celsius (6,152 degrees Fahrenheit). This high melting point allows the anode to withstand the intense heat generated during the X-ray production process without melting or deforming.

Additionally, tungsten has a high atomic number (Z=74), which contributes to its effectiveness in converting the kinetic energy of accelerated electrons into X-rays. The higher the atomic number of the target material, the more efficient it is at producing X-rays, making tungsten an ideal choice. Its good thermal conductivity helps dissipate heat, further supporting its use in X-ray tubes, where thermal management is critical to ensure safe and effective operation.

In contrast, while lead is dense and good for shielding, it does not have the necessary thermal and structural properties for use as an anode in X-ray production. Titanium, although it has a decent melting point and good strength-to-weight ratio, lacks the high atomic number required for efficient X-ray generation. Nichrome, an alloy typically used for heating elements due to its resistance properties,