Which of the following best defines "Vectors" in the context of disease transmission?

Vectors, in the context of disease transmission, specifically refer to living organisms that can carry and transmit pathogens to humans or other hosts. In this case, insects and other arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas, serve as vectors because they can carry infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. They often do so by biting humans or other animals, facilitating the transfer of these pathogens and playing a crucial role in the spread of various diseases.

This definition contrasts with other choices. Contaminated surfaces are related to indirect transmission through contact but do not involve living carriers. Dust particles might harbor pathogens but are not typically classified as vectors since they don't actively transmit diseases. Airborne pathogens refer to pathogens that are spread through the air, often through droplets, and again do not involve a living vector. Understanding vectors is essential in epidemiology and public health to focus preventive measures effectively against diseases.